Pakistan closed on 46 for two, still 268 runs behind England, after rain brought an early end to play. The visitors face a huge task to save the match, having been bowled out for only 133 runs in their first innings.
England resumed on 156 for four and turned their overnight advantage into a commanding 320-run lead, eventually being dismissed for 453.
Harry Brook was one of the key performers, adding 23 to his overnight score to make a fluent 75 runs from 97 balls. He and Dan Lawrence put on 86 for the fifth wicket before Brook was run out attempting an ambitious single.
Lawrence continued his excellent return to Test cricket, scoring 65 from 82 balls for his third successive half-century of the series. His innings ended when he dragged a wide delivery from Mohammad Imran onto his stumps.
Jamie Smith also made an important contribution with 69 from 84 balls, hitting nine fours and a six. Despite a finger injury suffered while keeping wicket, Smith provided England with valuable runs in the middle order.
The standout all-round performance, however, came from Robinson.
After taking two early wickets in Pakistan's second innings, Robinson produced a rapid 50 from 46 balls, including a huge six into the Hollies Stand, to help England push their lead beyond 300.
Pakistan's Razaullah was one of the few positives for the tourists. On Test debut, the young fast bowler showed plenty of pace and aggression and finished with four wickets for 148 runs. His performance offered some encouragement despite England's dominance.
Pakistan's second innings then began disastrously.
Robinson struck with the first ball, removing Saim Ayub for a duck, before dismissing Abdullah Shafique for another duck three balls later. He finished the day with outstanding figures of two for 10 from six overs.
Azan Awais, unbeaten on 29, and Shan Masood, 21 not out, prevented further damage before the rain arrived. Masood had earlier survived a chance when he was dropped at slip off Gus Atkinson.
Robinson has now taken 21 wickets in the series at an average below seven, underlining his extraordinary form after being named player of the match in each of the first two Tests.
England's bowlers have once again worked as an effective four-man pace attack, with Robinson, Jofra Archer, Josh Tongue and Gus Atkinson maintaining relentless pressure on Pakistan's fragile batting order.
With Pakistan still 268 runs from making England bat again, the hosts are firmly in control heading into day three.